Chemistry of the Earth’s interior, measurements of the sound velocities and elastic properties of solids and fluids by Brillouin spectroscopy and inelastic X-ray scattering, Raman scattering, diamond-anvil high-pressure research, laser heating, equations-of-state of minerals and high-pressure phases, phase transitions, shock wave studies of core materials; phase equilibrium studies at high P&T, crystal structure analyses by XRD; point defect chemistry, ceramic engineering, high temperature fracture toughening, properties of ferroelectrics and “smart” or “adaptive” materials, the structural states of amorphous materials, polyamorphism, high-temperature viscoelastic properties.